Summertime Tips for Avoiding Bacterial Vaginosis and Yeast Infections

Maintaining vaginal health during hot Summer months

We love summer for the days at the beach, BBQs, festivals, vacations, and many active days outdoors. Summer also brings with it an increase in vaginal issues such Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) and yeast infections. As a practicing OBGYN in metro-Atlanta, I have noticed a dramatic increase in vaginal complaints and concerns during the warmer months. Let’s talk about it.

The most troublesome symptoms that women report during the warmer months are changes in vaginal odor, itching, and/or abnormal discharge. All of these are signs that you may have a vaginal infection. The reality is that the warm summer months come with many disruptions to our vaginal pH, which include, but are not limited to: community pools/jacuzzis, prolonged wearing of swimsuits, using products/services for hair removal in the groin area, remaining in sweaty clothes for extended periods of time (yes, this includes yoga pants), and using feminine sanitary products for long periods of time that may be irritating. Below are my top tips for preventing vaginal problems (especially bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections) during the summer (and the rest of the year too!).

Vaginal hygiene tips

1. Avoid wearing tight clothing. Our vaginas need to breathe, ladies! Our vaginas harbor both good and bad bacteria, and the bad bacteria tend to thrive in warm and moist environments. Therefore, it is advisable to choose loose garments. Opt for dresses and skirts, especially in warmer climates. Additionally, if you work out in tight clothing, make sure to remove these garments immediately after exercising. Don’t go to pilates class and then run errands around town without changing. Natural secretions, sweat, and urine can irritate the vulva (the outer lips of the vagina) and vagina.
2. Go commando (without underwear), especially at home and while sleeping at night.
3. Avoid using a pad on a daily basis. Many women culturally use a pantyliner every day, but this is unnecessary and can cause irritation to the vulva and vagina. If you have excessive discharge that requires you to wear a pad daily, it is recommended to consult with an OBGYN for infection testing.
4. Stick to fragrance-free products for bathing. I know this can be challenging – we all love products that smell good, but many of them contain irritants such as benzocaine, artificial fragrances, and nickel. Dove and Neutrogena are known for selling many soaps that are free of irritants and are great for bathing.
5. Ditch the K-Y jelly. Many lubricants contain irritants such as chlorhexidine and preservatives, which can cause irritation. Instead, opt for alternatives like coconut oil (yes, it can be used during sex) or water-based lubricants like SlipperyStuff.
6. Wear cotton underwear. This can be quite challenging nowadays since many underwear manufacturers have transitioned to synthetic materials like nylon and microfiber. Cotton offers the best breathability among all raw materials. If you are unsure whether your underwear is made of 100% cotton, check the packaging.
7. Consider using menstrual cups or natural natural fiber pads instead of tampons and mainstream brands like Always. Check out our list of 10 favorite Target products.

Let’s talk about odor. If you have a vaginal odor that is bothering you or your partner, first consider if any recent changes to your routine might be the culprit. Did you start using a new soap? Did you start taking a new vitamin? Maybe you wore your gym clothes for too long yesterday. If not, consider being checked by an OBGYN to rule out vaginitis. Vaginitis (inflammation and/or infection of the vagina) is the number one cause of vaginal odor. Common causes of vaginitis include bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, and trichomoniasis.

Bacterial vaginosis is the primary cause of vaginal complaints in the United States. It is not an infection, but rather an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. When you have bacterial vaginosis, there are fewer “good” bacteria present, allowing the “bad” bacteria to overgrow and create an alkaline pH in the vagina. As the pH of the vagina increases, proteins are released from the bacteria, resulting in an ammonia-like odor. Some scientists have likened this smell to that of dead fish.

What is bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

Bacterial vaginosis, commonly referred to as BV, is a condition that arises due to an imbalance between the beneficial bacteria and harmful bacteria present in the vagina. This imbalance disrupts the natural harmony and can lead to various uncomfortable symptoms. It is important to address this issue promptly in order to restore the optimal balance and promote vaginal health.

What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?

Approximately 50% of women with BV do not experience any symptoms. However, others may notice a fishy odor and an increase in vaginal discharge. Many women find that the odor becomes more noticeable after sexual intercourse, as semen mixes with vaginal discharge, or around the time of menstruation.

How is bacterial vaginosis diagnosed?

Bacterial vaginosis, or BV, is diagnosed by healthcare professionals using a vaginal swab during a speculum examination. The provider gently opens the vagina with a speculum and collects a small sample of discharge from the vaginal walls. This sample is sent to a lab for analysis to identify the bacteria associated with BV. Only healthcare professionals can accurately diagnose and treat BV, as symptoms can be similar to other vaginal infections. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What causes bacterial vaginosis?

This topic is not well understood by many individuals. However, what is known is that women who are affected by bacterial vaginosis tend to have lower quantities of lactobacilli, which are considered to be beneficial bacteria, in the vaginal area. Conversely, they have higher amounts of anaerobic bacteria, which are regarded as harmful. A significant risk factor for developing bacterial vaginosis is sexual activity. Engaging in sexual intercourse frequently or having multiple sexual partners can increase the likelihood of developing this condition. The exact mechanism by which sexual activity diminishes the presence of lactobacilli in the vagina is still unclear. A hypothesis put forward by certain scientists is that some men may have semen that has the ability to destroy lactobacilli.

BV can also be found in sexually inactive women or women who have sex with other women. It is believes that anything that enters the vagina (sex toys or dildos) can also destroy good bacteria in the vagina. Some patients with IUDs have recurrent episodes of BV.

Can bacterial vaginosis be sexually transmitted?

No, technically not. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, BV is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection. When one sexual partner tests positive for BV, usually the other partner is not treated. However, it is known that sexual activity does increase the risk of developing BV. It is important to receive treatment for BV because having BV increases the likelihood of acquiring STIs (sexually transmitted infections) during sexual intercourse.

Is there a cure for bacterial vaginosis?

Good news – there is a treatment. Two antibiotics, metronidazole and clindamycin, are prescribed to treat BV. These medications are typically given in pill form. Although many cases of BV improve after treatment, it can also be persistent. Twenty-five percent of women with BV who undergo treatment will experience a recurrence within 6 weeks. If you have a recurrence, it is important to discuss treatment alternatives and vaginal hygiene strategies with an OBGYN.

How can I prevent recurrent episodes of bacterial vaginosis?

To prevent recurrent episodes of bacterial vaginosis, you can try the following measures:

• Practice good hygiene: Wash the vaginal area with mild, unscented soap and warm water. Avoid using douches, scented products, or harsh soaps, as they can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina.
• Avoid irritants: Avoid using products that may irritate the vagina, such as scented tampons, pads, and toilet paper. These can disrupt the pH balance and increase the risk of bacterial overgrowth.
• Use protection during sexual activity: Consistently use condoms during sexual activity to reduce the risk of introducing new bacteria into the vagina.
• Limit the number of sexual partners: Having multiple sexual partners can increase the risk of bacterial vaginosis. Limiting your number of sexual partners can help reduce this risk.
• Probiotics: Incorporate probiotic-rich foods, such as yogurt or fermented foods, into your diet. Probiotics can help restore the natural balance of bacteria in your vagina.
• Avoid unnecessary antibiotic use: Only take antibiotics when prescribed by a healthcare professional and follow the prescribed dosage. Unnecessary or improper use of antibiotics can disrupt the vaginal flora and increase the risk of bacterial vaginosis.
• Regular check-ups: Schedule regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your vaginal health and address any concerns or symptoms promptly.

Remember, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and personalized advice on managing and preventing recurrent episodes of bacterial vaginosis.

Let’s discuss the topic of vaginal itching, which is a common concern for many women. It’s worth noting that itching and discharge are frequently associated with yeast infections. However, it’s important to be aware that similar symptoms can also be caused by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). While yeast infections are widely recognized, they are not the exclusive cause of vaginal problems. Bacterial vaginosis holds a prominent position as the primary culprit behind such issues. Therefore, it is advisable to gather more information before hastily purchasing anti-yeast cream from the drugstore. Taking the time to make an informed decision is crucial in addressing any potential health concerns.

What is a yeast infection?

A yeast infection is an overgrowth of the fungus called Candida. It can occur in the gastrointestinal tract, the skin, and the vagina. Candida actually lives in the vaginas of most women. When Candida overgrows in the vagina, it can cause a vaginal yeast infection.

What causes yeast infections?

Having a vaginal yeast infection does not necessarily mean that you have poor hygiene. There are numerous reasons why Candida overgrowth can occur in the vagina, leading to infections and uncomfortable symptoms. Yeast infections are often associated with sexual activity, as yeast can be transmitted between partners through sexual intercourse or oral-genital contact.

There are several risk factors that can contribute to an increased likelihood of developing vaginal yeast infections. In addition to diabetes and immunosuppression, there is evidence to suggest that prolonged use of antibiotics for any reason can also raise the risk of experiencing these infections. It is important to be aware of these factors and take appropriate measures to minimize the risk of developing a yeast infection.

How is a yeast infection diagnosed?

Many patients come to see me after being diagnosed with a yeast infection at an Urgent Care or Emergency Room. Often, when I ask these patients how they were diagnosed, they say, “The doctor just listened to my symptoms and wrote a prescription.” However, this is not an accurate way to diagnose a vaginal yeast infection. Diagnosis includes a pelvic exam and vaginal swab.

What should I do if I have recurrent yeast infections?

1. See an OB-GYN to get confirmation that you actually have a yeast infection. You will need a pelvic exam and a vaginal swab to confirm the diagnosis.
2. Reduce your risk factors. If you are diabetic, work on improving your HgA1c levels. If you are taking antibiotics for any reason, ask your prescribing doctor about the duration of antibiotic use. Refer to “Vaginal Hygiene Tips”.
3. Reevaluate your dietary choices. Nutritional studies show that women with recurrent yeast infections often have a diet high in refined sugars and dairy products. Try reducing your intake of these substances to see if it improves your vaginal health.
4. Consult an OB-GYN. Sometimes women have resistant yeast strains, and you may require additional vaginal testing to determine if your body is unresponsive to standard treatment.

What is the treatment for a vaginal yeast infection?

Thankfully, there are numerous treatment options available for vaginal yeast infections. In addition to seeking professional medical advice, doctors can provide prescriptions for medications such as fluconazole or clindamycin, which have proven effective in treating this condition. Many women also find relief by using over-the-counter vaginal suppositories, like Monistat. However, if the symptoms persist even after using Monistat, it is crucial to consult with an OBGYN. They can conduct a thorough examination and run tests to check for a panel of vaginal infections, including sexually transmitted infections, ensuring that the appropriate treatment is administered.